Methacrylamide (MAam) as a reactive monomer was efficiently grafted onto pregelled starch (PSt) as a natural carbohydrate polymer by a microwave initiation technique without using initiator in open vessels reactor. The latter, is fast, highly reliable, reproducible and yields high value grafted product when compared to the conventional method. Radiation time, monomer and pregelled starch concentration as well as microwave power were investigated systematically to examine their effect on maximizing the percent graft yield. The resultant microwave synthesized graft copolymer was characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in addition to specific viscosity, swelling behavior, flocculation efficiency and Hg2+ ion removal. It is seen from the obtained results that (a) the optimum grafting conditions were found to be as follows: pregelled starch, 2 g; methacrylamide, 4 g; microwave irradiation power, 500 W, reaction time 120 S, (b) FT-IR spectral analysis confirmed amide group grafting onto pregelled starch, (c) SEM studies confirmed the surface morphology change in grafted polymer in comparison with undrafted one, (d) the specific viscosity, swelling behavior, Hg2+ ion removal and flocculation efficiency of all different levels of the copolymers used are higher than that of pregelled starch as a starting substrate, and (e) microwave initiation method proved to be a very efficient tool in comparison with other chemical initiator systems especially with respect to graft yield.

Power system stabilizer (PSS) can provide supplementary control signal to the excitation system to damp electromechanical oscillations between interconnected synchronous generators and to improve dynamic performance. This paper presents a comparison study between a fuzzy type 2 logic PSS (FLPSS) and a fuzzy type 2 model reference learning PSS (FMRLPSS) to improve the stability of a synchronous generator. A fuzzy type 2 logic based PSS and fuzzy type 2 model reference learning are designed and simulated using MATLAB software package. The simulation results are compared. It is shown that the FMRLPSS is superior to FLPSS.

A low power programmable frequency divider is proposed in this paper which is appropriate for WLAN applications. Multi- modulus architecture in dynamic logic with the minimum number of transistors is designed in 0.18µm CMOS technology. By using mixer, bandpass filter and switches, the divide ratios improved to 18. A technique is implemented in the dynamic 2-3 programmable divider cell for decreasing the glitches which leads to low power consumption. Based on simulation results it works up to 5GHz, with the average power about 37nW. Under a supply voltage of 1.8V, the total chip area of the multi- modulus programmable divider is 3100µm2.

Today using fossil fuels such as gasoline and petrol in order to apply in gasoline and petrol engines have faced with serious challenges such as high costs of servicing, fixing, storing, and lacking of safety. Therefore finding suitable substances can help to solve these problems in industry and energy sections. In this essay, system of compressed natural gas fueling is used in the tractor diesel. So that, the physical structure of it is based on lowest changes in general mechanism of engine and lowest used amount of electronic and mechanical equipment and parts. The results show that the designed system is able to answer the engine needs and to reduce pollution rates.

Length composition data of Deep flounder (Pseudorhombus elevatus) landed between April 2009 to March 2011 in Coastal Waters of Iran ( Persian Gulf), were monthly used to estimate the Population biology and assessment of the stock. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were as, L∞: 42 cm and K: 1 per year and t0: -0.14 year, Ф': 3.24 respectively. The estimated valve of total mortality, natural mortality, fishing mortality and Exploitation ratio were Z: 4.65, M: 1.5, F: 3.15, E 0.68, respectively. Relative yield per recruitment (Y'/R):0.031, relative biomass per recruitment, (B'/R):0.11, for Deep flounder stock was calculated. The results in this study showed exploitation ratio Deep flounder stock is over fishing and deceases of exploitation ratio is proposed.